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🗣 Wd提问: dns openvpn

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DNS and OpenVPN: Understanding and Configuration

1、DNS Basics
What is DNS?
DNS (Domain Name System) acts as the phonebook of the internet, translating human-readable domain names (e.g., `65.hk`) into numerical IP addresses (e.g., `93.184.216.34`).

2、OpenVPN Overview
What is OpenVPN?
OpenVPN is open-source software for creating secure, encrypted tunnels between devices over the internet、It is commonly used for:
Remote access to private networks、
Bypassing geographic restrictions or censorship、
Enhancing privacy by routing traffic through a trusted server.

3、DNS Configuration in OpenVPN
When using OpenVPN, you can control which DNS servers your device uses、This is critical for privacy, security, and preventing DNS leaks.

Options for Configuring DNS
Option 1: Use DNS Pushed by the OpenVPN Server
The server can automatically provide DNS settings via the `dhcp-option DNS` directive in its configuration、Example:

dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1

This forces the client to use the DNS server at `10.8.0.1`.

Option 2: Specify Custom DNS in the Client Configuration
Edit your `.ovpn` file to include your preferred DNS servers:

dhcp-option DNS 1.1.1.1 Cloudflare DNS
dhcp-option DNS 8.8.8.8 Google DNS

Or for privacy-focused options:

dhcp-option DNS 94.130.152.230 NextDNS
dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222 OpenDNS

Option 3: Override DNS via System Settings
If the OpenVPN client doesn’t enforce DNS, manually set your OS DNS to the desired servers (e.g., in Windows or macOS network settings).

4、DNS Leaks: Causes and Prevention
What is a DNS Leak?
A DNS leak occurs when DNS queries bypass the OpenVPN tunnel, exposing your real IP address to your ISP’s DNS server.

How to Prevent DNS Leaks
1、Ensure DNS is Pushed by the Server
Check the OpenVPN server’s config for `push dhcp-option DNS X.X.X.X`、
2、Block Non-Tunneled DNS Traffic
Use firewall rules to block DNS (UDP/53 and TCP/53) outside the OpenVPN tunnel、Example for Linux:
bash
iptables -I OUTPUT -p udp dport 53 -j DROP
iptables -I OUTPUT -p tcp dport 53 -j DROP

3、Test for Leaks
Use tools like [DNSLeakTest.com](https://dnsleaktest.com) or [1.1.1.1 Leak Test](https://leaktest.mullvad.net/) after connecting to OpenVPN.

5、Best Practices
Choose a Privacy-Friendly DNS
Use DNS providers that prioritize privacy (e.g., Cloudflare (1.1.1.1), NextDNS, or AdGuard DNS)、Avoid public DNS like Google (8.8.8.8) if privacy is a concern、
Verify DNS Settings
After configuring OpenVPN, check your system’s DNS settings to ensure they match your chosen servers、
Use Split Tunneling Cautiously
If splitting traffic (e.g., excluding local networks), ensure DNS queries for those networks don’t leak、

6、Example OpenVPN Configuration Snippet

Sample .ovpn configuration with DNS settings
client
dev tun
proto udp
remote vpn.65.hk 1194
resolv-retry infinite
nobind
persist-key
persist-tun
ca ca.crt
cert client.crt
key client.key
cipher AES-256-CBC
auth SHA256
verb 3

Force DNS via OpenVPN
dhcp-option DNS 1.1.1.1
dhcp-option DNS 1.0.0.1

7、Common Issues
DNS Not Updating Automatically
Some systems ignore DNS pushed by OpenVPN、Manually set DNS in your OS or use a client like OpenVPN GUI that enforces DNS settings、
Server-Side Restrictions
If the OpenVPN server blocks DNS changes, contact the provider to adjust their configuration、

By carefully configuring DNS in OpenVPN and testing for leaks, you can ensure secure and private browsing while using the service.

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